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Background: Chronic dacryocystitis is a constant menace to delicate ocular structures. If left untreated, it can lead to sight as well as life-threatening complications. However, such complications may be prevented by timely intervention along with appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. The objectives are to investigate the current bacterial community profile in adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis attending a referral eye care center in Odisha and to determine their drug susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on 70 adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis. The discharge from the punctum was collected by doing a regurgitation test or lacrimal passage irrigation and sent for microbiological analysis. Results: Out of 70 samples collected, 54 (77.1%) samples showed bacterial growth after 24–48 h of incubation. Among various isolates recovered, 68.5% were gram-positive and 27.8% were gram-negative organisms. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common isolate among gram-positive, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common among gram-negative organisms. Among all drugs used in the susceptibility test; amikacin, piperacilin + tazobactam, and netilmycin were found to be most sensitive and cefixime, and amoxycilin + clavulinic acid was found to be most resistant to gram-positive as well as for gram-negative organisms. Conclusion: Knowledge about the microbiological profile and the drug susceptibility pattern responsible for chronic dacryocystitis in a geographical area is important and should be kept in mind while treating these patients.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is the technique of choice in cesarean sections, but it is not widely accepted in hypertensiondue to fear of sudden and extensive sympathetic blockade. Sympathetic blockade induced hypotension may occur in up to64–100% of pregnant women who have been given spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery, especially when hyperbaric solutionsare used. Severely pre-eclamptic patients were previously believed to be at high risk of severe hypotension, with maternaland fetal consequences because of reduced plasma volume and because of the need to limit i.v. fluids to avoid iatrogenicpulmonary edema.Methodology: The present study, “comparison of hemodyanamic response and vasopressor requirement following spinalanesthesia between normotensive and hypertensive women undergoing elective cesarean section” 100 women of age20–35 years, the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical Status Ι and ΙΙ carrying a singleton pregnancy and scheduledto have elective cesarean section in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, were enrolled into two groups.GroupA: 50 were normotensive women and Group B: 50 were hypertensive women. All patients received a standard subarachnoidblock under all aseptic precautions with 12.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine.Results: Based on the data from our study, it could be concluded that after spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing electivecesarean section-hypertensive group of parturients had less fall in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP, and meanarterial BP in comparison to normal healthy pregnant women which were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Hypertensive group ofpatients required less ephedrine to treat hypotension in comparison to normotensive patients which were statistically significant(P < 0.05). The incidence of hypotension was almost 7 times less in hypertensive parturients than healthy parturients (oddsratio = 23.14, relative risk of hypotension in Group A = 7.2, confidence interval = 7.6–70.3).Conclusion: To summarize, our results showed that hypotension following SA administered for cesarean section wassignificantly less in hypertensive patient than in healthy pregnant women. In addition, vasopressor requirements were also lessin hypertensive parturients and neonatal outcome was comparable between the two groups. Therefore, subarachnoid blockis an acceptable technique to perform in hypertensive parturients due to its virtue of simplicity, rapidity, cost-effectiveness,and intensity of block.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug resistance of Gram-positive organisms infection in our hospital and offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics.METHODS The 318 strain organisms were isolated from the specimens of Aikang Hospital since Jan 2001 to Dec 2005.Gram-positive organisms were isolated from the specimens by the routine methods.The drug susceptivity was tested by K-B method.We got the results by 1999 standard of NCCLS.RESULTS Among the 318 strains,Staphylococcus aureus were 128 strains,40.3% of the total organisms;coagulase-negative S.aureus were 69 strains,21.7% of the total organisms;Enterococcus faecalis were 67 strains,21.1% of the total organisms;meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) were 32.8%;Meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative S.aureus(MRCNS) were 29.0%.The results of drug sensitivity test showed the drug resistant rate of Gram-positive strains for commonly used antibacterials was lower than in Shenzhen,Beijing,Shanghai,Wuhan,Guangzhou and other cities.CONCLUSIONS We should attach in our city importance to supervise the drug-resistance of Gram-positive organism,and preclude dissemination and epidemic of drug resistant strains.